Cycles of Punishment: The Constitutionality of Restricting Access to Menstrual Health Products in Prisons

Despite the recent passage of federal legislation requiring free access to menstrual health products in federal prisons, many women in state and local prisons continue to have inadequate access to these products. Not only do most prisons provide subpar menstrual health products in terms of quality, prisons often do not provide enough of these products to allow for individuals to change their pads and tampons at the doctor-recommended frequency. As a result, incarcerated women are at a heightened risk of toxic shock syndrome, sepsis, and ovarian cancer. This Note argues that, because differential treatment on the basis of menstruation is a form of sex discrimination, the practice of restricting access to menstrual health products discriminates on the basis of sex. The practice is neither related to a valid penological interest nor an important governmental interest, and therefore violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Moreover, this practice exposes inmates to an unreasonable risk of future harm stemming from inadequate menstrual hygiene in violation of the Eighth Amendment. In jurisdictions where advocacy groups have been successful in drawing significant attention to health issues related to diminished menstrual hygiene in prisons, it could be established that prison officials are acting with deliberate indifference towards this risk. Thus, this Note will conclude that incarcerated women could assert a colorable challenge to the practice of restricting access to menstrual health products under either the Fourteenth Amendment or the Eighth Amendment. It is crucial that courts institute constitutional barriers to these practices in order to protect the health and wellbeing of all prisoners, regardless of gender

Improving Door-to-Groin Time for Stroke-Alert Patients Arriving at TJUH

Introduction: Due to the large number of endovascular-eligible acute ischemic stroke patients, the urgent nature of effective stroke treatment protocols has become increasingly recognized at TJUH. Due to the hospital’s unique situation with two city blocks between the ER and endovascular lab, in-hospital factors remain a significant reason for the delay of treatment. Objective: The purpose was to conduct a quality-assurance trial to determine whether standardizing imaging modalities for inpatient and ER stroke-alert patients at our institution would improve door-to-puncture times. Methods: After implementation of the new stroke alert protocol, data were prospectively collected for six months for two groups of patients: patients transferred from the ER for possible large vessel occlusions (LVO) who underwent thrombectomy and patients who were transferred for possible LVO but deemed not a candidate for thrombectomy. Retrospective comparison data were obtained from 2015 to 2017 for the same six-month period to account for seasonal variability. Results: The co-primary outcomes were door-to-groin puncture time (DTG) time and door-to-door (ER to endovascular lab (DTD)) time. Average DTD times for 2015, 2016 and 2017 were 114, 129 and 145 minutes and the average DTG times were 263, 207, and 165 minutes, respectively. Discussion: After enactment of the new algorithm, our DTG time decreased to 103 minutes and the DTD time decreased to 107 minutes. Therefore, the emphasis on quality improvement regarding the stroke alert algorithm decreased DTG time for acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion undergoing mechanical thrombectomy

Cycles of evidence collection in the development of a measure of teacher knowledge

This study highlights some of the tensions that arise during measure development while attending to both Rasch measurement principles and mathematics education’s focus on high quality operationalization of complex theoretical constructs. We situate our measure development work within the context of a larger design-based mathematics teacher preparation intervention project focused on improving teacher candidate attentiveness, and illustrate how these tensions have shaped our instrument and item development work over the last four years.This research was supported in part by grant #1726543 Preparing Secondary Mathematics Teachers with Video Cases of Students’ Functional Reasoning from the National Science Foundation

A Survey of Proper Motion Stars. XVII. A Deficiency of Binary Stars on Retrograde Galactic Orbits and the Possibility that omega Centauri is Related to the Effect

We find a deficiency of binary stars moving on strongly retrograde Galactic orbits. No binary deficiencies are seen for U or W velocities, however. From theoretical analyses, we rule out preferential disruption of pre-existing binary stars due to encounters with massive perturbers. We also rule out globular clusters as the source of the effect since prograde motions are more likely to create such an effect. We search for star streams and find one possible candidate, but it is not on a retrograde orbit and probably represents the remains of a cluster that has passed too near the Galactic center. Based on a very small number of stars, we find that about the right fraction of stars on retrograde Galactic orbits share some chemical similarities to the cluster omega Cen, suggesting that its parent galaxy could be the explanation.Comment: To appear in the Astronomical Journal (March 2005 issue

The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of tumours of the Central Nervous System: what the paediatric neuroradiologist needs to know

The recently published 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of the Central Nervous System (CNS) introduces a number of significant changes from the previous edition. Based on an improved understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of tumorigenesis there has been a shift towards defining tumours by means of these characteristics in addition to their histological features, thus providing an integrated diagnosis. In this article, we will provide a concise overview of the salient changes in the 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the CNS that are of relevance to the paediatric neuroradiologist when it comes to day-to-day reporting

Bird Hazard Mitigation Training for Part 141 General Aviation Pilots: An Experimental Study

From 1990 through 2018 ==\u3e 209,950 wildlife strikes in the U.S., Approximately 95% of those incidents involved birds; Seventy aircraft destroyed as a result of wildlife strikes! 13 bird strikes 32 ==\u3e fatalities; 244 wildlife strikes ==\u3e 319 people injured! 224 bird strikes ==\u3e299 people injured! General aviation community; 97% of the strikes occurred below 3,500 feet AGL; There were 22,775 wildlife strikes ==\u3e 26% caused damage to the aircraft

Effects of candesartan versus amlodipine on capillary rarefaction, pulse wave velocity, and central blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension

Background: A reduction in the density of capillaries (rarefaction) is known to occur in many tissues in patients with essential hypertension and play a role in increasing Blood Pressure (BP). The aim of this trial was to assess in a randomized, double blind, design the effects of treatment of hypertension with candesartan versus amlodipine on microvascular rarefaction and other indices of vascular function. Methods: We recruited twenty-two individuals with mild-to-moderate hypertension. After a 2-week placebo run-in period, patients who remained hypertensive (≥140/90 mmHg) were randomized to 8-weeks treatment with Candesartan tablets 8mg daily (with forced titration to 16mg) or Amlodipine tablets 5mg daily (with forced titration to 10mg). The capillary microcirculation was studied using CapiScope system CAM1. Pulse wave velocity, central BP and aortic Augmentation Index were also measured. Results: We observed significant reductions in brachial BP, and central BP after 4 and 8 weeks treatment with either candesartan or amlodipine but there was no significant effect on basal (functional) or maximal (structural) capillary densities, or pulse wave velocity. Conclusion: Eight weeks treatment of hypertension with either amlodipine or candesartan significantly reduced brachial and central BP but was not sufficient to induce a regression in functional or structural microvascular abnormalities

Cockpit Text Communications: Evaluating the Efficiency and Accuracy of Different Keyboards

Non-voice data exchanges will become a primary method of communication between pilots and Air Traffic Controllers as the Federal Aviation Administration’s plan for the Next Generation Air Traffic Control System (NextGen) evolves. In support of this communication evolution, pilots will need the most efficient interface tools in order to accurately and quickly exchange text messages with Air Traffic Control. Keyboards, or similar input devices, will be become a necessity in the cockpit. This study aims to investigate and compare the typing speed and accuracy possible using three sizes of two-hand, QWERTY1 keyboards: a full size (100%), a medium size (92%), and a small size (thumb typing home theater PC keyboard) that could be used for aviation data exchanges. Each study participant was administered 15 typing tests having aviation specific content, on each keyboard, including 5 tests of short length, 5 tests of medium length, and 5 tests of long length. The results of this study suggest that in terms of words per minute typing speed, participants using the medium size keyboard had a slightly faster typing speed than with the large keyboard, while the small keyboard produced a considerably slower typing speed than either the medium or large keyboards. In terms of accuracy, participants using the small keyboard had the highest level of accuracy, followed by the medium keyboard, while the least accurate keyboard tended to be the large keyboard. Overall, findings suggest that the optimal size of two-handed, QWERTY keyboard for use in an aircraft cockpit was the medium keyboard